French

Sips of Culture: Summer Drinks from Around the World

Arabic, French, Spanish, Translation, Women / Suhara Mushtaq

Reading Time: 9 minutes

The final days of August and the approaching end of summer give us all the more reason to savor the remaining warm days with a refreshing drink in hand! Why not take your seasonal sips a step further with NaTakallam? Explore our favorite summer drinks from the Middle East to Latin America and around the world! Each beverage tells a story of history, culture, and the unique flavors of its homeland. So even as your summer travels wind down, let’s take a delicious journey across the globe, one drink at a time!

1. Jallab

Jallab (Arabic: جلاب) is a beloved summer drink across the Levant – that’s Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, and Jordan. With a distinct floral aroma, this refreshing beverage is made from dates, grape molasses, and rose water, a perfect combination for hot summer days. It’s often served with crushed ice, pine nuts and raisins, and also used to add flavor to ice-cream and yogurt!

Jallab is enjoyed year-round but it also a staple for rehydration during Ramadan.

Ingredients (1 serving):
2 cups cold water
1 ½ tablespoon date syrup
1 ½ tablespoon grape molasses
1 teaspoon rose water
Pine nuts (optional)
Golden raisins (optional)
Crushed ice (optional)

Recipe:
Mix the date syrup and grape molasses with rose water. Add the cold water and stir well. Pour into glasses over crushed ice. Garnish with pine nuts and raisins for a traditional touch. Serve immediately to enjoy chilled.

Love the flavors of the Levant? Explore Levantine culture through language! Start learning Arabic with NaTakallam’s native-speaking tutors from Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and more.

2. Sharab al-Busfeyr

Summer is synonymous with seasonal fruits, including our favorite: oranges. Made with the juice of Seville oranges (also known as bitter oranges or sour oranges), Sharab al-Busfeyr literally means “the drink of Seville oranges” in Arabic, and offers a sweet and slightly tart way to cool off as we bid farewell to summer.

Around the Arab world, bitter oranges are harvested in the late winter / early spring season. To enjoy this fruit longer, locals preserve it in this syrup form to savor throughout the summer months. In this way, Sharab al-Busfeyr is a seasonal delight that connects people to their land and its fruits.

Ingredients (4 servings):
2 pounds Seville oranges
Sugar (in equal weight to the orange juice)

Recipe:
Firstly, juice the oranges, and then add in an equal weight amount of sugar. Stir the sugar and juice together and repeat frequently throughout the day until the sugar is fully dissolved. You can also use a blender for this process. Do not add any water to the mixture. Once the sugar is dissolved, transfer the syrup into a clean bottle. It is best kept in the fridge to increase its shelf-life to one year.

To drink, mix ¼ part syrup to ¾ parts water – serve with ice if desired!

Did you know, the word for “orange” across languages has one of the most fascinating etymologies? Explore how language connects people in the places you least expect, when you learn with NaTakallam’s Language Partners from conflict-affected backgrounds.

3. Jus de Bissap

Jus de Bissap, literally “hibiscus juice,” is actually an infusion made of dried Roselle Hibiscus flowers, which are commonly sold in markets across many African countries, from Senegal and Ghana to Egypt and Sudan (where the drink is more commonly known as “كركديه” karkadeh in Arabic). Following migration patterns, Bissap and other hibiscus drinks are also popular in many Caribbean countries.

This vibrant red drink is tangy and sweet, often enjoyed cold to combat the intense heat. Bissap is more than just a drink; it’s a symbol of hospitality and is often served at celebrations and gatherings.

Ingredients (6 servings):
2 cups dried hibiscus flowers
1 ½ cups sugar (increase or reduce according to taste)
1 teaspoon orange blossom water
Mint leaves (optional)

Recipe:
Boil the hibiscus flowers in water for 10 minutes. Strain the liquid and stir in the sugar and orange blossom water until dissolved. Allow it to cool, then refrigerate. Serve over ice, with mint leaves for an extra refreshing touch.

Did you know that French is the second most geographically widespread language in the world (after English) and is spoken on all continents? In fact, Africa is home to more French speakers than any other continent! Connect with the global Francophone community when you learn French with NaTakallam’s instructors.

4. Ayran

Ayran is a traditional yogurt-based drink popular amongst Kurdish, Persian, Turkish and more communities spanning from Central Asia to Eastern Europe. This simple yet refreshing beverage is made by mixing yogurt with water and salt, resulting in a hydrating drink perfect for the hottest of summer days. Containing a healthy dose of protein and electrolytes, Ayran is enjoyed both with meals and as a stand-alone drink to quench your thirst.

Ingredients (1 serving):
1 cup plain, whole milk, strained yogurt
½ cup cold water
A pinch of salt
Mint leaves (optional)
Ice cubes (optional)

Recipe:
Mix the yogurt with water and a pinch of salt. Shake vigorously to make it as frothy as possible. Pour into a glass over ice cubes if desired. Garnish with mint leaves, and serve chilled for a cooling and nutritious drink.

Now that your glass is (hopefully) full (with Ayran), explore the many flavors, dialects and scripts of the Kurdish language with NaTakallam’s native Language Partners!

5. Doogh

Doogh is a Persian yogurt-based drink similar to Ayran, but unlike Ayran, Doogh is fermented, often carbonated, and can also be infused with additional herbs and flavorings (e.g. mint, dried rose petals, ground black pepper). Known for its cooling properties and as a source of probiotics, it is often paired with kebabs and other rich dishes that have a naturally “heaty” profile (from the use of earthy spices in local food).

While the recipe below offers a simple way to prepare Doogh today, the traditional method of preparation takes multiple days! First, milk and yogurt are mixed in a specific ratio until smooth. This mixture is gently heated until uniformly warm, then salt is stirred in, and the mixture is placed in a closed container to ferment for 3-4 days. It is this fermentation process that gives Doogh its natural savory flavor and fizz!

Ingredients (4 servings):
2 cups plain, whole milk yogurt
2 cups sparkling water
½ cup mint leaves
1 teaspoon salt
1 tablespoon dried rose petals (optional)
Ice cubes (optional)

Recipe:
Blend the yogurt, mint leaves, salt and rose petals in a blender. Pour in club soda and mix with a wooden spoon, scraping down sides of the blender, until everything is incorporated. Serve Doogh in iced-filled glasses, garnished with mint if desired.

If you’re inspired by these Persian flavors, discover more about the colorful culture through its language. Start learning Persian with NaTakallam’s tutors and uncover the stories behind drinks like Doogh and more.

6. Papelón con Limón

Papelón con Limón is one of the oldest and most popular beverages in Venezuela! Simply made from unrefined sugar cane (also known as “piloncillo” or “panela” in Spanish), lime juice and water, Papelón con Limón is an easy and tasty way to freshen up on a summer day.

Ingredients (4 servings):
8 ounces papelón (unrefined cane sugar)
½ cup freshly squeezed lime juice
4 cups hot water
4 cups cold water
Ice cubes (optional)

Recipe:
Pour hot water over the unrefined cane sugar. After it has dissolved and cooled off, add the lime juice and cold water, and stir well. Serve with ice cubes. ¡Salud!

As far back as the 18th century, Papelón con Limón was a favorite among field workers for its high nutritional value. This now-classic drink won over the love of successive generations, and is a part of the heart and soul of Venezuelan culinary culture, offering a glimpse into the history and indigenous flavors of the region. Learn more about the rhythms of Venezuelan life through learning Spanish with NaTakallam’s native-speaking tutors.

7. Agua de Limón con Chia

Long before chia seeds became a health trend, they were a staple food for the Mayans and Aztecs. Agua de Limón con Chia is lime juice with chia seeds, which swell in water to create a cooling, slightly gelatinous texture. A perfect thirst-quencher on hot summer days!

Ingredients (5 servings):
3 large limes
¼ cup chia seeds
4 cups water
½ cup sugar (increase or decrease according to taste)
Ice cubes (optional)

Recipe:
Pre-soak the chia seeds in 2 cups of water until gelatinous. Squeeze the juice from the limes into a pitcher, and whisk in the soaked chia seeds, remaining water, and sugar to taste. Stir well and serve over ice cubes if desired.

From ancient wisdom to today’s vibrant traditions, immerse yourself in the language and culture of Latin America with NaTakallam’s native tutors.

8. Kompot

Kompot is a traditional drink in Eastern Europe, made by simmering fresh or dried fruits with sugar. It can be enjoyed hot or cold, but in the summer, it’s served chilled, offering a sweet and fruity refreshment. A staple in Slavic households, Kompot is often prepared in large batches and enjoyed throughout the day.

Ingredients (4 servings):
6 cups chopped organic fruits (apples, apricots, peaches, plums, berries, cherries etc.)
4 cups water
4 tablespoons sugar

Recipe:
Combine the fruits and water in a large pot. Bring to a boil, then simmer for 15 minutes. Turn off the heat and stir in the sugar. Allow the compote to cool for a minimum of 2 hours (or maximum overnight in the fridge). As it cools, the flavors will infuse and intensify. You can then serve chilled, choosing whether or not to strain the fruits! (Strained fruits can be cooked to purées.)

The Kompot drink is related to the broader European concept of fruit “compote,” which is French for “stewed fruit.” This beverage is designed to use any surplus of summer fruit, as well as fruit that may be bruised or overripe, reflecting the creativity of local communities to ensure no food is wasted! Gain insight to native Slavic practices when you connect with NaTakallam’s bilingual Ukrainian–Russian Language Partners.

From the tangy kick of Jallab to the sweet comfort of Kompot, each sip of these summer drinks offers a delicious glimpse into diverse cultures, rich histories and communal traditions. Why not take your cultural exploration one step further? Sign up for NaTakallam’s language sessions today and connect with the communities that make these drinks so special!

Whether you’re interested in Arabic, Armenian, French, Kurdish, Persian, Russian, Spanish, or Ukrainian, our native-speaking Language Partners are here to guide you on your linguistic journey.

Start learning today and bring the world to your doorstep!

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Spotlight on Women’s Voices: Bridging Cultures and Languages

Arabic, French, Spanish, Translation, Women / Suhara Mushtaq

Reading Time: 7 minutes

Translation, Transformation and Transcendence

Translation work plays a crucial role in fostering language justice. In a world where language barriers pose significant challenges, translation allows stories to transcend borders, driving progress and empowerment. Through translation, narratives shift from a national language into an international one, breaking barriers and opening doors into new cultures and worlds.

Here are nine books written and translated by women to add to your reading list. By highlighting the contributions and perspectives of female authors and translators across cultures, we challenge prevailing assumptions and biases that have led to the lack of representation and recognition for women writers in translated literature. Each of these books bring forth important female perspectives for a more international, intersectional and inclusive understanding of our world.

**1. Memory in the Flesh (2000) by Ahlam Mosteghanemi, translated by Baria Ahmar Sreih

Originally published in Arabic as ذاكرة الجسد (Dhākirat al-Jasad)**
Translated into: English, French, Kurdish and more

Ahlam Mosteghanemi created history with Memory in the Flesh as the first female Algerian writer to write in Arabic instead of French. The choice to write in Arabic is informed by the story being told, of Algeria’s resistance to foreign oppression and its challenges in a postcolonial environment. Mosteghanemi was awarded the Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature for her use of realistic male narration in her novel, challenging and broadening the scope of gender perspectives in literature, and making her work a groundbreaking contribution to contemporary Arabic fiction.

**2. Tomb of Sand (2021) by Geetanjali Shree, translated by Daisy Rockwell**

Originally published in Hindi as रेत समाधि (Ret Samadhi)
Translated into: English, French, German and more

Geetanjali Shree is the first Hindi author to have won the International Booker Prize (2022), and Tomb of Sand also received the 2022 Warwick Prize for Women in Translation. The book follows the transformative journey of 80-year-old Ma, who grapples with depression after her husband’s death. Shree’s writing is timeless in its reflection of a woman’s inner life and her invisibility. The book evolves into Ma travelling from India to Pakistan to rediscover and reclaim her own identity.

3. Ru (2012) by Kim Thúy, translated by Sheila Fischman

Originally published in French
Translated into: English, French, Italian and more

“Ru” translates to “lullaby” in Vietnamese and “small stream” in French, also referring to a “flow.” Kim Thúy’s Ru follows the flow of the unforgettable journey of a girl, turned mother, immigrating from Vietnam, and her life as a refugee. Thúy’s literary technique adopts the double meaning of its title, following the unpredictable flow of a river but eventually finding its calm in the new life that emerges as a result of the journey.

4. Your Wish Is My Command (2023) by Deena Mohamed, translated by the author herself

Originally published in Arabic as شبيك لبيك (Shubeik Lubeik)
Translated into: English

Deena Mohamed is known for creating Qahera, a webcomic about a hijabi superhero. Your Wish is my Command is her first graphic novel, featuring three volumes from 2017 to 2021, and it won the Grand Prize at the 2017 Cairo Comix festival. Mohamed brings life and magic to a familiar Cairo in a fantastically imaginative tale where wishes are for sale.

Feeling inspired to read Shubeik Lubeik in its original language? Partner up with one of NaTakallam’s Arabic tutors! We offer language sessions in six Arabic dialects, including Deena Mohamed’s native Egyptian.

5. What Have You Left Behind? (2022) by Bushra Al-Maqtari, translated by Sawad Hussain

Originally published in Arabic as ما الذي تركت ورائي (Mā Aladhī Taraktu Warāʾī)
Translated into: German, English and French

Bushra Al-Maqtari amplifies underheard voices in What Have You Left Behind with her collection of over 400 firsthand accounts of the Yemeni Civil War. Through these testimonies, the author presents the book as an act of witnessing, to not forget the resilience of the Yemeni people and their lives.

Interested in hearing more Yemeni voices? Visit The Yemen Listening Project, a bilingual collection of over 100 stories about culture beyond conflict and what life is really like beyond the headlines of humanitarian crisis – with translation and Arabic copyediting by NaTakallam. You can also connect directly with NaTakallam’s Yemeni Arabic Language Partners.

6. The Journey: An Egyptian Woman Student’s American Memoirs (2018) by Radwa Ashour, translated by Michelle Hartman

Originally published in Arabic as الرحلة: أيام طالبة مصرية في أمريكا (Ar-Riḥla: Ayyām Ṭāliba Miṣriyya fī Amrīkā)
Translated into: English

This book is Radwa Ashour’s memoir of her intellectual journey as a graduate student in the United States. The autobiographical account looks at the differences and similarities between life in Egypt and in America, in holding on to her identity whilst navigating a new environment. In her memoir, Ashour also touches upon the people who inspired her in the US, especially members of the African American community.

**7. Disoriental (2018) by Négar Djavadi, translated by Tina Kover

Originally published in French as *Désorientale***
Translated into: English, Spanish, Italian and more

Disoriental, Négar Djavadi’s debut novel, explores its main characters’ exile to Paris from Iran. Djavadi explores the struggles of integration into French society while providing an account of Iranian history. The book travels with the main character into her burdens with history, family, identity and her country.

Did you know that the French and Persian languages share a long historical relationship? For example, “مرسی” (mersi) in Persian means “thank you,” as in the French “merci.” You can learn both languages and explore the links between them with NaTakallam’s native tutors.

**8. August (2017) by Romina Paula, translated by Jennifer Croft

Originally published in Spanish as *Agosto***
Translated into: English and French

The novel revolves around a young woman, Emilia, who returns to her hometown in Patagonia to scatter the ashes of her best friend. The book navigates devastating loss with a narrator that feels extremely open and familiar to readers. The author brilliantly makes the novel feel like a conversation between the two female best friends as Emilia attempts to understand and work through her grief.

If you wish to learn more about Patagonian and South American culture, start a conversation with NaTakallam’s Spanish Language Partners from Latin America.

9. Minor Detail (2020) by Adania Shibli, translated by Elisabeth Jaquette

Originally published in Arabic as تفصيل ثانوي (Tafṣīl Thānawī)
Translated into: English, German, Italian and more

Set in Palestine, Minor Detail intertwines two narratives across different time periods. The book begins with a girl and an unforgettable incident in the summer of 1949. Many decades later, a woman in Ramallah becomes obsessed with uncovering the truth about this “minor detail” in history. Shibli’s haunting novel explores themes of memory, trauma, and the enduring effects of violence, offering a poignant meditation on personal and collective histories and the ongoing struggle for justice and recognition.

Discover Palestine’s rich literary tradition with these 15 must-read books by Palestinian women. And as you delve into the stories of Palestinian women, why not further your exploration by learning the language that carries their voices? Sign up for Arabic language learning with Palestinian tutors today.

Celebrating Women in Translation Month, NaTakallam is proud to have a women-led and female-majority translation and interpretation department, offering services in 100+ languages, powered by team members from conflict-affected backgrounds.

Whether you’re looking for document translation, event interpretation, website localization, or other products, explore our award-winning services and request a quote today.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Lenora Dsouza is an intern at NaTakallam and is currently pursuing her Masters degree in International Security at Sciences Po Paris. She is passionate about learning new cultures through travelling and language.

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Powerful Language Learning Tips From The Refugee Olympic Team

Arabic, Armenian, French, General, Music, Persian, Russian, Social Impact, Spanish, Ukrainian / Suhara Mushtaq

Reading Time: 5 minutes

For sports fans around the world, the leading international competition is here: The 2024 Summer Olympic Games in Paris, France. From July 24 to August 11, athletes from across the globe are showcasing their talent and hard work through various sporting events and competitions.

Among them is the Refugee Olympic Team, representing extraordinary strength of character, the spirit of overcoming adversity, and hope for over 120 million forcibly displaced people. Established in 2015 by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to support potential elite athletes affected by the global refugee crisis, the 10-member team that debuted at the Rio 2016 Games has grown to 37 athletes in Paris this year.

The stories of these world class athletes offer powerful lessons for us all – including our community of language learners – showing us that training for sports and mastering a new language are more similar than you think!

Let’s take a look at lessons we can learn from Olympic athletes to accelerate our language learning…

Lessons from the Refugee Olympic Team for Language Learners

1. Motivation

Growing up in Damascus, Yusra Mardini trained in swimming with the Syrian Olympic Committee, and represented her country internationally in 2012. However, at age 16, the Syrian Civil War forced her to flee home and undertake the dangerous migrant route across the Mediterranean Sea on an overcrowded boat. The crossing made global headlines when Yusra and three other strong swimmers spent over three hours pulling their dinghy and fellow passengers to safety after the boat’s motor failed and it started taking on water.

But Mardini’s journey had only begun. Overcoming almost impossible odds, she went on to compete in the first Refugee Olympic Team at Rio 2016. Throughout this pursuit, Mardini openly expressed her personal mission, “to help others better understand the plight of refugees; that ultimately all they are seeking is safety and opportunity.” Yusra Mardini’s dedication to raising awareness about refugees drove her success, illustrating how a strong personal mission can lead to extraordinary achievements.

Although Mardini is not competing in the Paris 2024 Games, she continues to support the Refugee Olympic Team as a UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador. You can learn more about her story in the BAFTA-nominated film The Swimmers.

Language Learning Tip: When learning a new language, find your “why.” A personal motivator will help you stay committed, even when learning feels tough, by providing a larger purpose.

2. Consistency

It is important to put in the time and effort to consistently exercise the skills needed for success. Iman Mahdavi, a refugee from Iran, is competing in wrestling at the 2024 Olympic Games. He talks about training in the gym in the outskirts of Milan, where he is now based after fleeing his home country. The gym has become his second home as he commits to a consistent and rigorous training schedule.

Language Learning Tip: Find your own “training gym,” that second home where you feel comfortable putting in regular practice, fostering consistent progress in your language learning.

3. Managing Breaks and Burnout

Iranian-born Dina Pouryounes won her first international taekwondo medal while living in an asylum center in the Netherlands in 2015. Now competing in her second Olympics in Paris 2024, Pouryounes emphasizes learning from past experiences without succumbing to pressure. In her words, “I gained experience from my first Olympic Games. I noticed my errors and worked on them. I want to be the best version of myself and be proud and happy of what I did in the competition. I am training to get the best result and to be able to appreciate all those efforts.”

Language Learning Tip: Acknowledge your progress to avoid burnout. As you are learning a new language, there will come moments when fluency – or even proficiency – seems impossible. Pouryounes shows the importance of balancing hard work and realistic expectations to avoid crushing pressure. When facing challenges, take a step back, reflect on your growth, and return to training with a positive mindset.

4. Enjoyment and Play

Training and competing for a title win is challenging, but it can also be fun. Adnan Khankan – originally from Syria and now based in Germany – is making his Olympic debut in judo with the mindset of a winner. Khankan believes in enjoying the journey as much as the competition. His positive attitude reminds us that enjoying what you do is one of the most important aspects of achieving success!

Language Learning Tip: Incorporate play into your learning. Engage in games, puzzles, and popular culture in your target language to inspire curiosity, maintain interest and enhance retention. Whether it’s Arabic jeopardy, French bingo, or singing along to your favorite Spanish songs – you can learn in ways that best suit you with the expert guidance of NaTakallam’s native-speaking Language Partners.

With NaTakallam, Go for Gold in Your Language Learning

This summer, why not take inspiration from the Olympics beyond the excitement of the games? Just as athletes train rigorously to excel in their sports, you can channel that same dedication into your language learning journey.

Connect with a NaTakallam Language Partner today. These experts bring not only language proficiency but also the resilience and unique perspectives gained from overcoming the challenges of forced displacement. Imagine having a coach who motivates you with the same discipline, reward, and enjoyment found in the sports we admire – a true champion in guiding you through your language learning adventure.

NaTakallam offers language learning options in Arabic, Armenian, English, French, Kurdish, Persian, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian – powered by native Language Partners from conflict-affected, displaced and refugee backgrounds.

Learn a language, make a friend and support the livelihoods of forcibly displaced persons – from the comfort of your home.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Sabrina Salam is an intern at NaTakallam. She is currently doing legal work supporting refugees and migrants. She loves to hike, write stories, and learn languages!

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5 Reasons Why Language Learning Boosts Your Mental Health

Arabic, Armenian, French, General, Love, Persian, Russian, Social Impact, Spanish, Ukrainian / [email protected]

Reading Time: 5 minutes

May is Mental Health Awareness Month, a time to highlight the profound impact of mental well-being practices. We know that #mentalhealthmatters – the hashtag has over 13 million posts on Instagram! As a language learning and cultural exchange social enterprise, powered by the talents of displaced and conflict-affected individuals, we believe in the transformative power of language learning — not just as a cognitive exercise but as a vital tool for enhancing mental health. Let’s explore how learning and teaching languages can benefit both learners and educators.

The Mental Health Benefits of Language Learning

Language learning offers numerous mental health advantages. It can significantly reduce stress, alleviate social anxiety, boost self-esteem, and improve problem-solving skills. According to research, it even delays the onset of dementia, making it a powerful tool for cognitive health.

1. Enhancing Focus and Reducing Stress & Anxiety

When you’re focusing on a specific task, it relaxes the nervous system. Learning a new skill gives us a sense of purpose and growth. A team of Harvard researchers found evidence that active learning is actually a more effective stress management technique than passive relaxation.

2. Combating Depression

Practicing a new language can help distract from negative thoughts and help you feel less isolated. The practice enables you to build social connections, and provide manageable goals, all of which are crucial in combating symptoms of depression.

3. Overcoming Social Anxiety

Language learning helps individuals deal with mistakes and learn how to respond to feedback. By practicing speaking with a language partner, you develop and strengthen social skills. In time, you will become more comfortable meeting new people. Still afraid to speak your target language? Try some of these tips.

4. Boosting Self-Esteem

Achieving proficiency in a new language provides a sense of accomplishment that enhances self-worth.

5. Delaying Cognitive Decline

Language learning helps delay mental decline like Alzheimer’s and dementia. Studies suggest that it can delay the onset of Alzheimer’s by up to four years!

“A different language is a different vision of life.”
Frederico Fellini

The Unique Role of Refugee Teachers

NaTakallam’s refugee tutors play a crucial role, not only in educating others but also in benefiting themselves through the process of teaching. Here’s how language teaching aids their mental health and integration:

1. Self-Confidence and Empowerment

Teaching their native language allows refugee tutors to regain a sense of agency and self-worth. They feel empowered as they share their knowledge and cultural heritage with others.

2. Building Social Connections

By engaging with learners, refugee teachers build meaningful relationships, reducing feelings of isolation and fostering a sense of community.

3. Easier Emotional Expression & More Accurate Diagnosis

Teaching offers a structured way for refugees to process their experiences and traumas, which can be therapeutic. Afaf Doumani, a behavioral health navigator, emphasizes the importance of communication in mental health. She notes that speaking in one’s mother tongue allows for better articulation of emotions and more accurate diagnoses.

4. Cultural Exchange and Integration

Teaching their language helps refugees integrate into their new communities by bridging cultural gaps and promoting mutual understanding.

5. Gainful employment and a Dignified Income

Through NaTakallam, displaced and conflict-affected individuals are able to gain economic and social access regardless of location and status. 60% of our Language Partners report NaTakallam as their sole source of income.

“Language at its core is centered around people. Language learning by its nature is opening doors to new experiences.”
Kinda, Arabic Language Partner from Syria with NaTakallam since 2021

A Conversation with Afaf Doumani

Afaf Doumani, a Palestinian mental health professional with extensive experience working with refugees, underscores the critical role of language in mental health. With a master’s degree in social work and a background in developmental studies, Afaf has dedicated her career to supporting displaced individuals. She recalls her motivation to study mental health after witnessing the trauma of refugees following the Syrian conflict’s influx into Toledo, Ohio in the United States.

Afaf highlights several challenges refugees face, including the stigma around mental health in their native regions and the significant language barriers that prevent them from seeking help. “Mental health relies heavily on communication—more than physical health. Articulating emotions and sharing personal experiences are crucial for accurate diagnoses,” Afaf explains.

“Language is the essence of mental health. Explaining your feelings in your mother tongue is always easier—you can speak your heart. It’s about having someone who understands your culture and can help you articulate your emotions accurately.”
Afaf Doumani

Working with the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) Afaf focuses on MENA populations, emphasizing the need for mental health professionals who speak the native languages of their clients. She points out that the lack of such professionals often leads to mistrust in therapy interpretation sessions, where unfamiliarity with the interpreter can hinder effective communication. “Deprivation of communication undermines their wellbeing. I’m often the only Arabic-speaking person in the mental health field helping navigate and connect them to services,” she says.

Afaf’s efforts extend to facilitating support groups for women and children, addressing cultural barriers, and promoting the importance of seeking help. “It’s about breaking the barriers and reminding people that it’s okay to ask for help. We meet them where they are, socializing and building trust,” she emphasizes.

Restoring Dignity & Celebrating Expression Builds Trust

Language learning is a powerful tool for mental health, offering numerous benefits for learners and refugee teachers alike. As we celebrate Mental Health Awareness Month, let’s recognize and embrace the dual impact of language learning: fostering cognitive and emotional well-being for learners while enabling displaced and conflict-affected teachers to express themselves, become more integrated in their communities, maintain and reaffirm their sense of dignity and unique cultural identity and build trust.

Gain more insights and learn how to Stop Being Afraid to Speak and overcome your fear of utilizing your new language skills in our blog.

NaTakallam also offers Arabic for Professionals. This unique program created in-house by qualified Language Partners from conflict-affected backgrounds is a curriculum designed specifically for students looking to apply their Arabic language skills to their careers – from medical and humanitarian work, to journalism and business – and beyond.

Learn a language, make a friend and support the livelihoods of forcibly displaced persons – from the comfort of your home.

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the Swiss Alps, the Eiffel Tower, and a gorilla

French Slang Around the World

French / Mikaela Bell

Reading Time: 3 minutes

the Swiss Alps, the Eiffel tower, and a gorilla--French slang around the world

In any French lesson, you’ll mostly be learning standardized French — including with NaTakallam. But one of the advantages of learning from native speakers is that you also have access to all the fun, hip expressions that rarely make it into textbooks. Here’s a smattering for your enjoyment!

🦁 Belgium 🦁

While you might have learned that the French word for “lunch” is le déjeuner and “dinner” is le dîner, the Belgians call “lunch” le dîner and “dinner” is le souper (you might recognize the English word “supper” here). They also have different words for a couple of important numbers: “seventy” is septante instead of soixante-dix and “ninety” is nonante instead of quatre-vingt-dix.

🍁 Canada 🍁

When a French Canadian wants to tell you to “hold on tight” — whether literally or figuratively — they might tell you to attache ta tuque! A tuque being a knitted winter hat, a rather important garment in Canada!

🦍 Democratic Republic of Congo 🦍

Want to visit Congo’s famous wildlife parks? You’ll get extra brownie points if you remember to tell your guide merci mingi instead of merci beaucoup.

🐘 Côte d’Ivoire 🐘

You might know the standard French word maquis, which means a kind of shrubland and, by extension, a guerilla fighter. (French Resistance fighters in World War II were often called Maquis.) However, in Côte d’Ivoire, this term has come to mean a kind of local fast eatery serving African food.

🥐 France 🥐

If you’ve spent much time in France, you probably came across some examples of verlan, a collection of French slang words characterized by swapping the letters or syllables of the standard French word they’re formed from. Examples include meuf (from femme, woman, but carrying more the sense of a “chick”); relou (from lourd, heavy, and meaning emotionally heavy or irritating); and kanri (from américain).

⚜️ French Guiana ⚜️

French Guiana is officially an overseas department of France, but being located across the ocean in South America, it understandably has developed its own vernacular! One example is djal, which means copain or copine, the French words for “boyfriend” and “girlfriend.”

🐝 French Reunion 🐝

Another overseas French department, Reunion is located in the Indian ocean and is the original source of the famed French vanilla. It too has its own unique version of French, and one lovely word you’ll hear here is dalon, which means ami — “friend.”

⛰️ Switzerland ⛰️

We’ll wrap up this world tour with Switzerland, where French is one of four official languages. Swiss French uses the same numbers as Belgium along with huitante for quatre-vingt (“eighty.”) But a more casual expression you’ll hear is Ça joue ? Which means “Is it playing?” and is the Swiss version of Ça va ? or “How’s it going?”

Feel free to comment with your favorite French slang expression! To learn more, check out Eleven Ways to Say Hello in French, French Words That Made Their Way from Arabic, or a detailed explanation of French’s two competing Counting Systems. Or simply sign up for a FREE trial of a French lesson with a NaTakallam native-speaking Language Partner!

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Mikaela Bell is a freelance editor and content writer with a background in anthropology and linguistics. An American based in France, she is also fond of reading, cooking, studying languages, fibercrafts and Irish stepdance.

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Counting in French with two French counting systems:

Counting in French – Two Different Systems

French / Mikaela Bell

Reading Time: 6 minutes

Carrie had been living in France for several years and was pretty proficient in the language, so when she and another American friend decided to take a trip to French-speaking Switzerland, she didn’t expect to have any language problems! The accent took a little getting used to, but the actual problems came when she went to make a purchase — and encountered a number she’d literally never heard before. “What on earth is…septente-trois?!” she asked.

For those who learned the “standard,” what we really ought to call “Parisian” French taught in most schools, it can be a minor shock to learn that French actually has multiple competing number systems for the 60–90 range. You probably learned to count like this:

	Parisian French
10	dix
20	vingt
30	trente
40	quarante
50	cinquante
60	soixante
70	soixante-dix
80	quatre-vingt
90	quatre-vingt-dix

If you’re new to French, no, you’re not going crazy — 70 is literally “sixty-ten.” 71 is “sixty-eleven” (soixante-onze), then “sixty-twelve” (soixante-douze), and so on until you get to 80, which is… “four-twenty.” 81 is “four-twenty-and-one” (quatre-vingt-et-un), and so on until 90, which is “four-twenty-and-ten,” then 91 is “four-twenty-eleven” (quatre-vingt-onze), up to “four-twenty-nineteen” (quatre-vingt-dix-neuf) for 99 and then, thank goodness, we’re back to a more familiar system from the moment we hit 100 until 170.

In other words, the French count by tens until they reach sixty, at which point they switch to base twenty. But wait — isn’t this the country that invented the metric system? But they don’t always count in base 10? How did that happen?

As it happens, a base-10 or decimal counting system is far from universal. Many languages all over the world use a vigesimal or base-20 counting system, including Yoruba in Africa, Mayan and Inuit in the Americas, or Ainu in Japan. It’s easy enough to see how it happens: you have ten fingers and ten toes, so why not? (A few languages actually use other systems, like base 12, base 15, or base 60, but we won’t get into that here.) Most Indo-European languages, however, use a base-10 counting system — with one notable exception: the Celtic family. Modern speakers of Welsh and Scots-Gaelic still count in base 20, though they have a decimal system that schoolchildren might learn in, for instance, a math class. (In Irish, the decimal system is used even in everyday speech.)

Linguists theorize that when the ancestors of modern Celts left the Indo-European homeland, they picked up base-20 counting from the Basques, who also count in base 20 and who used to live in a much wider area of western Europe than they do today. And that’s where this little historical linguistics lesson becomes relevant to French, because France, if you think back to ancient history classes in school, used to be a Celtic country. In the year 58 BCE, future Roman Emperor Julius Caesar looked at the Celtic lands to the north of Italy, then called “Gaul,” and decided they needed some Roman roads. His subsequent conquest of Gaul brought the future country of France new taxes, a new language, and a new counting system — because Latin, unlike the Celtic-speaking Gauls, used base 10.

Today, all languages descended from Latin, called “Romance languages,” count in base 10, as you will know if you’ve ever studied Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, or Romanian, among others. Many French speakers, however, never completely abandoned the Gaulish system of counting in base 20, even after the Gaulish language itself became extinct. Over time, however, various base-10 alternative numbers have become more or less common in different parts of the French-speaking world. So a more complete picture of the French counting system looks something like this:

trois-vingts	60	Literally “three-twenty.” This one isn’t used anywhere anymore, but it crops up frequently in French documents from a few centuries ago, so you can see that the base-20 counting pattern used to be more widespread than it is today.
soixante	60	Happily, this is the only number for “sixty” you need to know for any French-speaking country or region.
trè-vingt-dix	70	With trois-vingts gone the way of the French kings, it should be no surprise that trè-vingt-dix is hot on its heels. You may still hear it in some rural areas of eastern France near the Swiss border, but that’s about it.
soixante-dix	70	This is what you’ll hear in most of France, Canada, West Africa and sometimes in East Africa.
septante	70	This, however, is what you’ll encounter in Switzerland, large swaths of rural eastern and southern France, Belgium and former Belgian colonies in East Africa. (While West Africa was colonized by France, East Africa was colonized by Belgium, and today French speakers there might use either Belgian or French terms. Those who are closest to the institutions put in place by the Belgians are most likely to use Belgian expressions! Travel comic artist Itchy Feet did a fun strip on the topic.)
quatre-vingt	80	You get this one in most of France, Canada, Africa and Belgium — but not Switzerland.
octante	80	A lot of French people who use quatre-vingts believe that this is the word for “eighty” used in Belgium and Switzerland — the same areas that use septante and nonante. But as noted above, the Belgians actually say quatre-vingt, just like the French do, and the Swiss mostly use huitante (see below). In fact, while historical documents show that this word used to be more common, the only place you’ll hear it today is scattered parts of rural eastern France and a little bit in rural western Switzerland.
huitante	80	Huitante is the preferred word for “eighty” in Francophone Switzerland, though you might occasionally hear it in some rural areas of southeastern France and southern Belgium. You’ll also hear some variations such as utante and otante.
quatre-vingt-dix	90	This is the word you’ll hear in most of France, Canada and West Africa. Some people in East Africa also use it.
nonante	90	This is used in pretty much the same places you’ll hear septante: Switzerland, Belgium, East Africa and rural areas of France along the eastern and southern borders and coastline.

So, there you have it! And you thought at least learning to count would be easy! The good news is that the system used in most of France and taught in most textbooks — the one that appears in the first table up above — is understood pretty much everywhere, so if you ever decide to take a trip to Switzerland, don’t worry that they won’t be able to understand you! Just brush up on your Latin roots (remember, sept means “seven,” which should be a clue if you come across septante) and be prepared to ask if you come across a number you don’t recognize. You’ll most likely get a good-natured laugh, and the person will be happy to either “translate” it for you or write it down!

Resources:
https://francaisdenosregions.com/2016/10/08/septante_nonante/
https://francaisdenosregions.com/2017/03/26/comment-dit-on-80-en-belgique-et-en-suisse/
https://blog.pimsleur.com/2020/08/17/counting-systems-in-different-languages/
https://www.lefigaro.fr/langue-francaise/francophonie/ces-chiffres-gaulois-que-nous-employons-sans-le-savoir-20190621

Not sure why you should be learning French? Here are five solid reasons! Or maybe you want to learn a few different way to say hello in French? How about a few ways to talk about love? Otherwise, check out this list of French words that made their way from Arabic!

Finally, want to practice your French while making a social impact? Sign up here to kick-start your language journey with NaTakallam. Based on your language-learning needs and aspirations, you’ll be paired up with one of our fantastic, native-speaking Language Partners from displaced backgrounds. Make a friend for life AND discover a new culture. On y va!

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11 Ways to Say Hello in French

French, Greetings / NaTakallam

Reading Time: 5 minutesOne of the first things we are taught when starting a new language is basic greetings. Textbooks, however, often fail to introduce the variety of ways we can express a simple “Hello!” In reality, a greeting will often change depending on the time of day, the formality of the situation, and the region you are speaking in–this last is particularly true of French! Ranging from Swiss to Haitian, young to old, here are many different ways you can greet someone in French like a true native!

**1. Bonjour – across the francophone world**

One of the first things we are taught when starting a new language is basic greetings. Textbooks, however, often fail to introduce the variety of ways we can express a simple “Hello!” In reality, a greeting will often change depending on the time of day, the formality of the situation, and the region you are speaking in–this last is particularly true of French! Ranging from Swiss to Haitian, young to old, here are many different ways you can greet someone in French like a true native!

2. Bonsoir – across the francophone world

When broken down, bonsoir literally means “good evening” – bon equating to “good” and soir, to “evening.” As the name implies, the use of bonsoir is exclusive to evening greetings, after about 6 pm and often in more formal situations. For instance, a waiter at a restaurant may approach you at dinner with a bonsoir. The same word can be repeated back to them in response.

3. The Double Meanings of Salut and Ça va ? – across the francophone world

Some of the first greetings taught in school French classes all over the world are salut (meaning “greeting” and related to the English word “salute,” but similar in use to “hi”) and ça va ? (equivalent to “how are you?”). However, many fail to mention their other meanings.

As well as “hi,” salut is also an informal way of saying “bye.” In addition, Ça va ? is another way of saying “I’m fine.” So responding to the question of Ça va ? is very easy; just repeat it! Ça va, et toi/et vous ? (Et toi ? means “And you?”- toi is used with family or friends whereas vous is more formal)

4. Quoi de neuf? – across the francophone world

Used in casual settings, Quoi de neuf ? translates to “What’s up?” or, more literally, “What’s new?” (Note that neuf can mean both “nine” or “new” depending on its context.) This is a very common conversation starter, which has similar implications to “How are you?” Therefore, an appropriate answer, given the informality of the situation, would be Ça va (“I’m fine”).

5. Coucou – France

Without a doubt less formal than the standard bonjour, coucou is a sweet and affectionate way of saying “hi, there.” Coucou’s original meaning translates to “peek-a-boo,” and thus it’s still commonly used when greeting or playing with a child. Although not very typical among adults, many will still use it on the street and in texts or emails to greet friends.

While coucou can simply be replied back, it is also correct to respond with salut or bonjour.

6. Jourbon – France

How good would an article on French greetings be without a little verlan thrown in, just to confuse everyone? The definition of verlan can be found in its name – verlan is the inversion of l’envers, meaning “the reverse.” The essence of verlan is, thus, the act of splitting up a word according to its syllables and switching them around. For instance, if we split up bonjour and swap the two constructions together, we are left with jourbon.

Verlan was originally created as a means to maintain the confidentiality of illegal proceedings. However, it has now evolved and become a common form of slang, first used by young people living in the suburbs (banlieues) of French towns, and has now spread to most young people who continue to keep up with new terms.

7. Ciao – Switzerland

Although this greeting is often attributed to the Italian language, the French-speaking Swiss (who make up about 1.9 million of the country’s population) are also known to say ciao, meaning “hi” as well as “bye.” This greeting is widespread and very casual. The response can be the same back, or the alternative casual greeting, salut.

8. Adieu – Switzerland

9. Bon matin – Quebec

The dialect present in the Canadian province of Quebec retains many aspects of the French that was spoken in Paris during the 17th-18th centuries. While mainland French uses bonjour to mean both “good morning” and “good afternoon,” bon matin still exists in contemporary Québécois. The word-for-word translation of bon matin is “good morning”; bon means “good” and matin means “morning.”

10. Bonjou and Bonswa – Haitian creole

From the title of this greeting, you might notice that a special element of Haitian Creole is the strong presence of phonetic spelling, meaning that a word is often written the way it’s pronounced.

Starting with bonjou! This greeting derives from its mainland French counterpart bonjour, meaning “hello.” However, while the French bonjour is used to greet people in the morning and afternoon, in Haiti, bonjou would be applied exclusively in the morning.

Bonswa, on the other hand, would be used to greet someone in the afternoon and evening. Its mainland French alternative, bonsoir, literally translating to “good evening,” is only appropriate after sunset. A correct response to both bonjou and bonswa is simply to repeat the greeting back to the other person.

11. C’est comment? – Côte d’Ivoire

This greeting is owed to a type of Côte d’Ivoirian slang, known as Nouchi, which appeared in its capital, Abidjan, in the 1980s. When inquiring about someone’s wellbeing, you can use C’est comment? equating to “What’s up?” This is used regardless of the time of day.

Some common replies include Voilà moi, meaning “Here I am,” a directive for the other person to look at you and see for themselves. Ya foye and Il n’y a rien imply that “Everything is fine.” Alternatively, if things aren’t going too great, you can opt for C’est mou or C’est djinzin.

Anxious to try out some of these greetings? Book a session today with one of our native French Language Partners at NaTakallam and kickstart your linguistic journey. Your interest enables our skilled tutors to support themselves by passing on their knowledge, while also creating friendships beyond borders.

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French Words That Made Their Way from Arabic

Arabic, French / NaTakallam

Reading Time: 4 minutes

From the Arabs of Andalusia in the 8th century, who brought immense commercial, scientific, and literary knowledge to Europe, all the way to the more recent Middle Eastern and North African migrations in the last decades, Arabic-speaking populations have had a considerable impact on the French language and culture.

French, an official language in 29 countries and one of the most-widely spoken Romance languages, has over 500 everyday words with Arabic origins (and that’s not even counting slang terms!).

If you take a close look at this list, you will also see that while these terms all entered French from Arabic, some of those Arabic words were borrowed in turn from other languages such as Greek or Sanskrit – and many of the French variants then made their way into English. Even in centuries past, the world was far more connected than we realize!

Here is our list of 35 French words that made their way from Arabic:

Abricot (apricot) – from the Arabic word al barqūq (اَلْبَرْقُوق‎), meaning “plums,” which is itself derived from Latin praecoquum, meaning “early-ripening fruit”
Alchimie (alchemy) – from the Arabic word al-kīmiyā (كيمياء), derived from the Greek khemeioa which was in turn either a name for Egypt or the Greek word khymatos, meaning “that which is poured out”
Alcool (alcohol) – from the Arabic word al-kuhul (الكحول), meaning “darkened with kohl”, a metallic powder used as make-up to darken the eyelids, which itself comes from the Arabic “kahala” (كحل) meaning “to stain, paint”
Algorithme (algorithm) – derived from the surname of 9th-century Persian mathematician Al-Khwarizmi (الْخُوَارِزْمِيّ), whose works introduced advanced mathematics to the West
Algèbre (algebra) – from the Arabic word al-jabr (الجبر), meaning “reparation” or “the reunion of broken parts”
Artichaut (artichoke) – from the Arabic word al-khurshuf (الْخُرْشُوف‎), meaning “artichoke”
Assassin (assassin) – with a fascinating etymology and story, evolved from the Arabic word hashashin (حشَّاشين), meaning ‘hashish users’, derived from the word hashish (حشيش), meaning ‘grass’ or ‘[powdered] hemp’
Azur (azure, shade of blue) Arabic – from the Arabic word al-lazaward (اللازُورِدِ), meaning “lapis-lazuli”, a semi-precious stone known for its deep-blue color.
Bougie (candle) – taken from Béjaïa (بجاية), an Algerian city/port town where tapered hand-dipped candles were made
Café (coffee) – from qahwa (قهوة), the Arabic word for “coffee”
Chiffre (digit) – from the Arabic word sifr (صِفر‎), meaning “empty” and, by extension, “zero”
Coton (cotton) – from quṭn (قطن), the Arabic word for cotton
Douane (customs) – from the Arabic word diwan (دِيوَان‎), meaning “office”
Echecs (chess) – from shatranj (شطرنج), the Arabic word for chess, which is derived from the Sanskrit chaturanga, meaning “four members of an army” – elephants, horses, chariots, foot soldiers
Elixir (elixir) – from the Arabic word al-ʾiksir (اَلْإِكْسِير‎), meaning elixir, which is ultimately derived from Ancient Greek xēríon (ξηρίον), meaning medicinal powder, which in turn comes from the Greek xērós (ξηρός) meaning “dry”
Gazelle (gazelle) – from ḡhazaal (غَزَال‎), the Arabic word for gazelle
Girafe (giraffe) – from the Arabic word for giraffe, zarāfah (زرافة), meaning “fast walker”
Hasard (chance) – from the Arabic word az-zahr (اَلزَّهْر‎), meaning “dice”
Henné (henna) – from the Arabic word hinna’ (حِنَّاء‎), the name for the tree used to make henna
Jupe (skirt) – from the Arabic word jubba (جُبَّة‎), meaning “long garment”
Magasin (shop, warehouse) – from the Arabic word makhazin (مَخَازِن‎), plural of the Arabic word for “storeroom”
Mesquin (petty/stingy) – from the Arabic word miskeen (مِسْكِين‎), meaning “poor”
Nénuphar (waterlily) – from the Arabic word niloofar (نِلُوفَر), meaning “lotus, water-lily,” ultimately derived from Sanskrit nīlotpala (नीलोत्पल)
Orange (orange) – from the Arabic word naranj (نارَنْج), which was borrowed from the Persian narang. The fruit naranj refers specifically to the bitter orange and can be traced back to the Sanskrit word naranga.
Pastèque (watermelon) – from the Arabic word bṭikh (بَطِّيخَة‎), meaning “melon, watermelon”
Quintal (100 kg) – from the Arabic word qinṭaar (قِنْطَار‎), which is ultimately derived from Latin centenarius, meaning “containing a hundred”
Razzia (raid) – from the Arabic word ghazwa (غَزْوَة‎), meaning “raid, military campaign”
Safari (safari) – from the Arabic word safar (سفر), meaning “journey, travel”
Satin (satin) – from the Arabic word zaytūn (زَيْتُون‎), the transliteration of Citong, the city in China where the fabric originated (thought to be around modern day Quanzhou)
Sirop (syrup) – from the Arabic word sharab (شَرَاب‎), meaning “beverage”
Sofa (couch) – from the Arabic word souffah (صُفَّة‎), referring to “a long seat made of stone or brick”
Sucre (sugar) – from the Arabic word sukkar (سُكَّر), meaning “sugar,” which is ultimately derived from the Sanskrit word śárkarā (शर्करा), meaning “ground or candied sugar”
Tarif (rate) – from the Arabic word t‘aarifa (تَعْرِفَة‎), meaning “tariff”, which in turn comes from “تَعْريف”, meaning “information, notification”
Toubib (doctor, informal) – from the Arabic word ṭabīb (طَبِيب‎), meaning “doctor”
Zénith (point of the sky directly overhead at any place; the highest point or achievement of something) – from the Arabic phrase samt ar-ra’s (‎سَمْت اَلرَّأْس‎), meaning “path over the head”

Want to learn more about French and/or Arabic? Check out our affordable, one-on-one language sessions for either language! Both are taught by native French and Arabic speakers from refugee and displaced backgrounds.

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6 Must-Try Easter Delicacies From Around The World

Arabic, Food, French, Holidays, Spanish / NaTakallam

Reading Time: 4 minutesEaster is celebrated by millions around the world and it is not a surprise that food is at the heart of these festivities. Join us as we delve into the Easter delicacies from around the world – from Ukraine to Argentina, Armenia to Egypt.

1. Paska (Ukraine)

Paska (пáска) is a bread traditionally made at Easter in Ukraine and other parts of Eastern Europe. It is made with milk, butter, eggs, flour and sugar. In Ukraine, it forms an important part of the Easter basket also known as the “basket of blessed food” (свячене, “svyachene”) alongside Easter eggs (писанки, “pysanky”) and sausage (ковбаса, “kovbasa”).

Variations of this bread are also made in Armenian and Assyrian communities of Iran, Iraq, Armenia and the diaspora.

2. Kaek and Ma’amoul (Egypt and the Levant)

Kaek (كعك) and Ma’amoul (معمول) are two cookies at the heart of all Egyptian and Levantine celebrations (read about ma’amoul in our Ramadan blog). These cookies are made with semolina flour and butter. They are stuffed with dates, pistachios, walnuts and flavoured with rosewater, orange blossom, mastic and mahlab. Each cookie is formed by hand or by using wooden moulds and each shape symbolizes an event associated with the Holy Week and Easter.

3. Fattah (Egypt)

Among the Coptic Christians of Egypt, fattah (فتّة) is a popular dish eaten at Easter and other feasts. It is a quintessentially Egyptian dish that dates back to the time of the pharaohs. It is made with rice, (lots of) garlic, crispy pita bread and a protein of choice – commonly, lamb.

The word fatteh comes from the Arabic root verb meaning “to break up” or “crush”, referring to the pita bread crumbs that form the bases of all fatteh recipes.

A similar but distinct dish is found in southern Levant. This Levantine counterpart (fetteh, فتّة), includes ingredients such as chickpea, strained yoghurt and other regional variations, and is a popular breakfast dish.

4. Rosca de Pascua (Argentina)

This is a sweet bread enjoyed at Easter in Argentina. The name literally translates to “ring or bagel of Easter”. Like the name, the bread is shaped into a ring and decorated with cream, fruits, nuts and often, chocolate eggs.

It is similar to Rosca de Reyes and Galette des Rois, cakes enjoyed at Epiphany in several Spanish and French-speaking countries, respectively (read more about Galette des Rois, “Kings’ cake”, in our New Year traditions blog).

5. Choreg (Armenia)

Choreg (չորեկ), also spelled as “chorek”, “cheoreg”, or “choereg” is an Armenian sweet yeasted bread made at Easter. It is made with flour, butter, yeast, eggs, milk and sugar, and flavoured commonly with mahlab (cherry-based spice), mastic or orange zest. It is often braided using three strands to represent the Holy Spirit.

Variations of this bread are found in Greece (τσουρέκι, “tsoureki”), Turkey (paskalya çöreği), Romania (cozonac) and Bulgaria (козунак, “kozunak”).

6. Petits Nids de Pâques (France)

Literally translating to “little Easter nests”, this is a popular delicacy from France. It is a chocolate-based, nest-shaped pastry that brings together the symbolism of eggs at Easter with the decadence of chocolate. It is made with flour, sugar, a raising agent, butter, eggs and cocoa, and is served with chocolate Easter eggs nestled on the top.

Learn more about these delicacies, people and languages with NaTakallam, today! Book a session with one of our Ukrainian, Arabic, Persian, Spanish, French or Armenian language partners from displaced backgrounds, and delve deeper into the world of languages and everything sweet!

To all learners, language partners, and friends observing this festival Happy Easter – Shchaslyvoho Velykodnya (щасливого Великодня), Eid Fasih Sa’eid (عيد فصح سعيد), Shnorhavor Surb Zatik (Շնորհավոր Սուրբ Զատիկ), Felices Pascuas, Joyeuses Pâques!

^{CREDITS

– Copywriting: Maria Thomas is a copywriter with NaTakallam. She is currently pursuing her doctoral studies in art history. In her spare time, she enjoys reading, powerlifting and going on hikes.

– Copyediting: Emmy Plaschy is a volunteer content writer and editor at NaTakallam. She currently works in communications in Switzerland. In her spare time, she enjoys polishing her Arabic skills, writing and gazing at the stars.}

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Top 5 Reasons Why You Should Learn French

French / NaTakallam

Reading Time: 3 minutesIn an increasingly globalized, digital world, speaking several languages is an asset. To those of you wondering which second or third language to pick, here are five good reasons to learn French!

1. SCALE

French is spoken by around 300 million people. It is, along with English, one of the few languages spoken on all five continents! French is a major language in international communication: be it at the UN – where it is one of the 6 official languages, or at multinational events such as the Olympics or Eurovision.

2. CULTURE

France and the Francophone world have produced a plethora of cultural icons. From famous painters (Cluade Monet, Auguste Renoir), thinkers, writers and poets (Balzac, Albert Camus, Simone de Beauvoir, Amhadou Kourouma) to legendary singers, composers and musicians (Edith Piaf, Claude Debussy, Daft Punk), fashion designers (Gabrielle Chanel, Christian Dior), film directors and actors (Jean-Luc Godard, Luc Besson, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Simone Signoret)… the list goes on! What’s more exhilarating than diving into this rich culture aided by the knowledge of its original language!

3. TRAVEL

France is a great travel destination – with its variety of historic locations within the heart of Europe and landscapes, from Côte d’Azur (French Riviera) to the Alps to explore. So too are destinations such as Mauritius, Seychelles, Morocco, Quebec and Monaco – where French is commonly spoken, too! Learn French to converse with locals and share meaningful experiences in a number of countries from around the world – whether you are enjoying the sea in Mauritius or Seychelles, the desert in Morocco, the mountains in Quebec, or the Grand Prix in Monaco!

4. ACHIEVABLE CHALLENGE

Although it can be intimidating at first, French is not a difficult language to learn! Its grammar is similar to that of a lot of European languages (mainly due to their Romance origins). Many English words have roots in Old French – apparently, as many as 10,000 loanwords! This is perhaps not surprising given the long history of political and cultural exchange between France and Great Britain, with French once being the language of the English court for several centuries.

5. GASTRONOMY

This is one of France’s strengths and its influence has extended to the rest of the world. If you ever find yourself seated in a fancy restaurant, learning French will come in handy! No wonder France is the homeland of the Michelin-star rating system (read more on its fascinating origins here)! From all the table-related customs (the word “etiquette” literally comes from the French “étiquette”) to the fine art of pronouncing the names of dishes, knowing French will help you fit right in!

Learn French and explore more of such linguistic and cultural connections with NaTakallam. Our brilliant Language Partners come from displaced communities from around the Francophone world. Book a session for yourself or for a loved one today and kickstart your journey exploring the richness of the French language and cultures!

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